Medical Condition Unspecified Essential Hypertension

Source:

2009 icd-9-cm diagnosis 401.9 - unspecified essential hypertension

Active Ingredients used for Unspecified Essential Hypertension:

Vitamin D, Melatonin, Coenzyme Q10, Selenium, Arginine, Garlic, Soy, Green Tea, Pycnogenol, Flaxseed And Flaxseed Oil, Niacin Niacinamide, Omega 3 Fatty Acids Fish Oil Alpha Linolenic Acid

Active Ingredient	Uses based on scientific evidence	Grade*
arginine (l-arginine)	early study in humans suggests that arginine taken by mouth may help widen the arteries and temporarily reduce blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. larger, high-quality studies are needed before a recommendation can be made.	c
coenzyme q10	preliminary research suggests that coq10 causes small decreases in blood pressure (systolic and possibly diastolic). low blood levels of coq10 have been found in people with hypertension, although it is not clear if coq10 "deficiency" is a cause of high blood pressure. well-designed long-term research is needed to strengthen this recommendation.	b
flaxseed and flaxseed oil (linum usitatissimum)	in animals, diets high in flaxseed have mixed effects on blood pressure. one study in humans suggests that flaxseed might lower blood pressure. the evidence in this area is not clear, and more research is needed before a recommendation can be made.	c
garlic (allium sativum l.)	numerous human studies report that garlic can lower blood pressure by a small amount, but larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm this possible effect.	c
ginseng (american ginseng, asian ginseng, chinese ginseng, korean red ginseng, panax ginseng: panax spp. including p. ginseng c.c. meyer and p. quinquefolius l., excluding eleutherococcus senticosus)	early research suggests that ginseng may lower blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). it is not clear what doses may be safe or effective. well-conducted studies are needed to confirm these early results.	c
green tea (camellia sinensis)	green tea has been shown to increase or have no effect on blood pressure in several studies in humans.	c
melatonin	several controlled studies in patients with high blood pressure report small reductions blood pressure when taking melatonin by mouth (orally) or inhaled through the nose (intranasally). specifically, nocturnal high blood pressure may improve with melatonin use. better-designed research is necessary before a firm conclusion can be reached.	c
niacin (vitamin b3, nicotinic acid), niacinamide	niacinamide may reduce the high serum phosphate levels in hyperphosphatemia. however, more research is needed before niacinamide can be used to treat hyperphosphatemia.	c
omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid	multiple human trials report small reductions in blood pressure with intake of omega-3 fatty acid. dha may have greater benefits than epa. however, it may be necessary to take high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids per day to obtain these health benefits, and high doses may increase the risk of bleeding. therefore, a qualified healthcare provider should be consulted before starting treatment with fish oil supplements.	a
pycnogenolâ® (pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica)	use of pycnogenol may reduce the need for nifedipine and decrease systolic blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. further research is needed to confirm these results.	c
selenium (se)	some studies have reported that low serum selenium levels may be related to increased blood pressure. furthermore, known anti-hypertensive therapies (such as ace-inhibitors) do not appear to affect the activity of serine-dependent enzymes.	c
soy (glycine max [l. merr.)]	there is limited human research on the effects of dietary soy on blood pressure. some research suggests that substituting soy nuts for non-soy protein may help improve blood pressure. further research is needed before a firm recommendation can be made.	c
vitamin d	low levels of vitamin d may play a role in the development of high blood pressure. it has been noted that blood pressure is often elevated under the following conditions: during the winter season, at a further distance from the equator, and in individuals with dark skin pigmentation (all of which are associated with lower production of vitamin d via sunlight). however, evidence is not clear, and a comparison with more proven methods to reduce blood pressure has not been conducted. patients with	c

*Key to grades
A: Strong scientific evidence for this use;
B: Good scientific evidence for this use;
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use;
D: Fair scientific evidence against this use;
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use.